Conclusions

While many critics disagree, the above cited evidence as well as numerous works not cited, confirm that there is an interaction between biological systems and electromagnetic fields.
A “chicken vs. egg” scenario arises when considering that it is the dynamics of life that create electromagnetic fields in organisms. Yet, it is evidenced experimentally (though not yet entirely explained theoretically) that it is the endogenous EMF which support the dynamical network of living systems.
A great deal of research continues now in this exciting and controversial field with hopes for a theoretical understanding of the mechanisms behind the interactions. Further illumination of these mechanisms will no doubt have a powerful impact on our daily lives.
As science is now moving towards the “new paradigm” of understanding such phenomena as the observer effect, the dynamic interactions and interconnectedness of all things, the study of electromagnetism will broaden in scope and perhaps lead us into our next giant leap for mankind.


References

1. D. Boadella: Wilhelm Reich, Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag, Frankfurt am Main, 1983, 366 p.
2. W. Mann, E. Hoffman: Wilhelm Reich: The man who dreamed of tomorrow, J. Tarcher, Inc., Los Angeles, 1990, 295 p.
3. R. Gebauer, S. Müschenich: Der Reichsche Orgonakkumulator, Nexus Verlag, Frankfurt, 1987. (in German)
4. W. Schumann: Uber die strahlunglosen Eigenschwingungen einer leitenden Kugel, die von einer Luftschicht und einer Ionosphärenhülle umgeben ist, Zeitcshrift für Naturforschung, 1954, b.&a, s.149-154. (in German)
5. G. Lakhovsky: The Secret of Life: Electricity, Radiation and Your Body, Noontide Press, Costa Mesa, 1992, 214 p.
6. W. Reich: The Cancer Biopathy, Orgone Institute Press, New York, 1948.
7. R. O. Becker, G. Selden: The Body Electric, Morrow, New York, 1985.
8. R. Choy, J. A. Monro, C. W. Smith: Electrical sensitivities in Allergy Patients, Clinical Ecology, 1987, vol. 4, n. 3, p. 93-102.
9. M. Blank (1993): Biological effects of electromagnetic fields, Bioelectrochemistry and Bioenergetics, v. 32, p. 203-210.
10. F.-A.Popp: Neue Horizonte in der Medizin, Haug, Heidelberg, 1983. (in German)
11. Smith C. W., Best S. (1990): Electromagnetic Man, Edited by J. M. Dent & Sons, Ltd. London, p.26.
12. Rossman H. Organometrie nach Voll, Haug Verlag, Heidelberg, 1988
13. Brown F. A. Persistent activity rhythms in the oyster, American Scientist, 178, 510, 1954
14. R. Weaver: The effect of electric fields on circadian rhythms in men. Life Sci. Space Res., 1970, vol. 8, p. 177.
15. Brown F.A. Some orientational influences of non-visual, terrestrial electromagnetic fields, All. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 188, 221-41, 1972
16. A. Gurvich: Selected Works, Meditsina, Moscow, 1977.
17. U. Warnke: Influence of Light on Cellular Respiration, In: Electromagnetic Bio-Information (F.-A.Popp et al. ed.), Urban & Schwarzenberg, Munchen, 1989, p. 213-220.
18. Recent Advances in Biophoton Research and its Applications, (F.-A. Popp, K. H. Li and Q. Gu eds.), World Scientific, Singapore, 1992, 504 p.
19. Ho M.-W., Xu X. Ross S., Saunders P.T. Light Emission and Rescattering in Synchronously Developing Populations of Early Drosophila Embryos - Evidence for Coherence of the Embryonic Field and Long Range Cooperativity, In Recent Advances in Biophotons Research (F.-A. Popp, K.H. Li and Q. Gu, Eds.) p. 287-306, World Scientific, Singapore, 1992.
20. L. Wolpert: J. Theor. Biol., 1969, vol. 25, 1-47.
21. Lipkind M. Can The Vitalistic Entelechia Principle be a Working Instrument? In Recent Advances in Biophotons Research (F.-A. Popp, K.H. Li and Q. Gu, Eds.) p. 469-490, World Scientific, Singapore, 1992.
22. Lednyiczky G., Lakiza O., Zhalko-Tytarenko O., Sakharov D. Positional Information Transfer by using the Endogenous Electromagnetic Fields of Embryonic and Malignant Cell Cultures, Abstract book of the 18th Annual Meeting of the Bioelectric Society, Victoria, BC, June 9-14, 1996.
23. Lednyiczky G., Sakharov D., Lakiza O., Pyaskovskaya O. The Endogenous Electromagnetic Field of Tumor Cells leads to a Long-Term Inhibition of Melanoma Cells Multiplication and Viability, Abstract book of the 18th Annual Meeting of the Bioelectric Society, Victoria, BC, June 9-14, 1996.
24. L.-M. Vincent. Theory of Data Transferal. Principles of a New Approachh to the Information Concept. Acta Biotheoretica, 1993, 41, p.139-145.
25. I.Tamba-Mecz. La sémantique. Coll.Que sais-je? Paris, Presses Universitaires de France, 1988
26. E. Del Giudice, S. Doglia, M. Milani: Order and structures in Living Systems, in Nonlinear Electrodynamics in Biological Systems, Ed. by W. Ross Adey and Albert F. Lawrence, Plenum Press: New York, London, 1983, p. 477-488.
27. W. R. Adey: Frequency and Power Windowing in Tissue Interactions with Weak Electromagnetic Fields. Proceedings of the IEEE, 1980, vol. 63, no. 1, p. 119-125.
28. S. Lin-Liu, W. R. Adey: Low frequency Amplitude Modulated Microwave Fields Change Calcium Efflux Rates From Synaptosomes, Bioelectromagnetics, 1982, vol. 3, p. 309-322.
29. S. M. Bawin, A. R. Sheppard, M. D. Mahoney, W. R. Adey: Influences of Sinusoidal Electric Fields on Excitability in the Rat Hippocampal Slice, Brain Research, 1984, vol. 323, p. 227-237.
30. W. R. Adey: “Tissue interactions with nonionizing electromagnetic fields”, Physiol. Rev., 1981, vol. 61, p: 435.
31. A. F. Lawrence, W. R. Adey: Nonlinear Wave Mechanisms in Interactions between Excitable Tissue and Electromagnetic Fields, Neurological Research, v. 4, n. 1/2, 1982, p. 115-153.
32. S. J. Webb: Phys. Rep., 1980, vol. 60, p. 201.
33. H. Pohl: Dielectrophoresis: The Behavior of Matter in Non-uniform Electric Fields, Cambridge University Press, 1978.
34. H. A. Pohl: Natural oscillating fields of cells, In: Coherent excitations in Biological Systems. (H.Frölich, F. Kremer, eds.), Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1983, 199-210.
35. H. A. Pohl: Natural ac electric fields in and about cells, Phenomena, v. 5, 1983, p. 87-103.
36. R. Hölzel, I. Lamprecht: Electromagnetic fields around biological cells, Neural Network World, 1984, vol. 3, p. 327-337.
37. N. A. R. Gow: Transhyphal electrical currents in fingi, J. Gen. Microbiology, 1984, vol.130, p.3313-3318.
38. N. A. R. Gow, D. I. Kropf, F. M. Harold: Growing hyphae of Achlya bisexualis generate a longitudinal pH gradient in the surrounding medium, J. Gen. Microbiology, 1984, vol. 130, p. 2967-2974.
39. H. A. Pohl: Natural electrical RF oscillation from cells, J. Bioenerg. Biomembr., 1981, vol. 13, p.149-169.
40. S. Rowlands: J. Biol. Phys., 1982, vol. 10, p. 199.
41. K. Toko, K. Hayashi, Yamafuji K.: Spatio-temporal organization of electricity in biological growth, Trans. IECE Japan, 1986, vol. e. 69, p. 485-487.
42. Yamaguchi H., Hosokawa K., Soda A., Mizamoto H., Kinouchi Y. (1993): Effects of seven months exposure to a static 0.2 T magnetic field on growth and glycolytic activity of human gingival fibroblasts, Biochem. Biophys. Acta, v. 1156, p. 302-306.
43. Azadniv M., Miller M. W., Cox C., Valentine F. (1993): On the mechanism of a 60-Hz electric field induced growth reduction of mammalian cells in vitro, Rad. Environ. Biophys, v. 32, p.73-83.
44. Goodman R., Henderson A. S. (1988): Exposure of salivary gland cells to low frequency electromagnetic fields alters polypeptide synthesis, Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci., USA, v. 85, p. 3928-3932.
45. Blank M., Soo L. (1992): Threshold for Inhibition of Na, K-ATPase by ELF Alternating Currents. Bioelectromagnetics, v. 13, p. 329-333.
46. Blank M., Soo L. (1993): The Na, K-ATPase as a model for electromagnetic field effects on cells. Bioelectrochem. and Bioenergetics, v. 30, p. 85-92.
47. M. Blank, L. Soo, H. Lin, A. S. Henderson, R. Goodman (1992): Changes in transcription in HL-60 cells following exposure to alternating currents from electric fields. Bioelectrochemistry and Bioenergetics, v. 28, p. 301-309.
48. M. Blank, O. Khorkova, R. Goodman (1994): Changes in polypeptide disribution stimulated by different levels of electromagnetic and thermal stress, Bioelectrochemistry and Bioenergetics, v. 33, p. 109-114.
49. Serpersu E. H., Tsong T. Y. (1984): Activation of electrogenic Rb+ transport of Na,K-ATPase by an electric field. J.Biol.Chem., v. 259, p. 7155-7162.
50. Mevissen M., Stamm A., Buntenkötter S., Zwingelberg R., Wahnschaffe U., Löscher W. (1993): Effects of Magnetic Fields on Mammary Tumor Development Induced by 7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene in Rats Bioelectromagnetics, v. 14, p. 131-143.
51. Biological Effects and Dosimetry of Static and ELF Electromagnetic Fields, (M. Grandolfo, S. M. Michaelson and A. Rindi, eds), Plenum Press, New York, London, 1985.
52. Abstract Book of the 17th Annual Meeting of BEMS, Boston, MA, June 18-22, 1995, The Bioelectromagnetics Society, Frederick, MD, 1995.
53. M. Blank (1992): Na, K-ATPase function in alternating electric fields. FASEB Journal, v. 6, p.2434-2438.
54. R. Goodman, M. Blank, H. Lin, R. Dai, O. Khorkova, L. Soo, D. Weisbrot, A. Henderson (1994): Increased levels of hsp70 transcripts induced when cells are exposed to low frequency electromagnetic fields. Bioelectrochemistry and Bioenergetics, v. 33, p. 115-120.
55. E. M. Goodman, B. Greenebaum, M. T. Marron (1993): Altered protein synthesis in a cell-free system exposed to a sinusoidal magnetic field, Biochim.Biophys, Acta, v. 1202, p. 107-112.
56. T. T. Harkins, C. B. Grissom (1994): Magnetic Field Effects on B12 Ethanolamine Ammonia Lyase: Evidence for a Radical Mechanism. Science, v. 263, p. 958 - 960.
57. S. G. Boxer, C. E. D. Chidsey, M. G. Roelofs (1982): Use of large magnetic field to probe photoinduced electron transfer reaction: an example from photosynthetic reaction center. J.Amer.Chem.Soc., v. 104, No. 5, p. 1452-1454.
58. A. J. Clark: Mode of Action of Drugs on Cells, Arnold, London, 1933.
59. Popp F.-A. (1989): Coherent photon storage in biological systems, Electromagnetic Bioinformation, Edited by Fritz-Albert Popp, München-Wien-Baltimore, p. 144-167.
60. Ludwig H. W. (1988), Die Debatte um die Magnetfeldtherapie aus der Sicht der Biophysik. Erfahrungsheilkunde, Acta medica empirica, v. 12, p. 735- 739.(in German)
61. Schumacher P. (1994): Biophysikalische Therapie der Allergien, Sonntag Verlag, Stuttgart, 300 p. (in German)
62. Bioresonance and Multiresonance Therapy (BRT), H. Brügemann ed., Brussels, Haug International, 1993, 277 p.
63. Proceedings of the Annual Meetings of the International Medical Society of BRT and International Therapeutic Society of BRT, RTI Heft I-XVII. (Brügemann Inst. ed.), Lochhamer Schlag 5, 82166, Gräfelfing (Germany).
64. Acta Medica Empirica (Special issue for BRT), 1994, 3/1.
65. H. Lehmann: Elfolgreiche Behandlung primärer Dysmenorrhoe - fast ohne Therapieversager. Der Freie Arzt, 1993, No. 4. (in German)