RESULTS
The transmission of EM signals from the heat-shock activated chrysalises of the “A” groups and the heat-shock depressed chrysalises of the “D” groups onto the “normal” chrysalises causes a significant decrease in the mobility of imago in three of five “N” groups. The flies’ mobility begin to be even lower than the reduced one of the flies from the control “A” group. It is worth to emphasize that: if in the control “A” group, the flies’ mobility is low because of a Heat-Shock treatment, then in the experimental “N” groups, the same is induced by the influence of weak endogenous ELF EMF. Interestingly, this effect of heat-shock gene activation under the influence of both temperature and very weak EMF was also achieved in a recently published study by Blank M. [1994] -- energetically, the influences differ 14 orders from each other.

Fig. 1: The time of positive phototaxis of flies from temperature intact experimental groups - the flies mobility
for all figures : * - p < 0.05; ** - p < 0.01; *** - p < 0.001
In the group D>N 20" the influence of EMF not altering flies’ mobility increases the starvation resistance of flies.

Table 1: The results of the transmission of EM signals from the “D” to the “N” groups
GROUPS Time of positive phototaxis (sec) Starvation resistance (hours)
N 13,89 ±0,42 30,83 ±0,52
DN (20") 13,67 ±0,47 33,98 ±0,92 *
In three groups -- A>N 20", A>N 60" and D>N 60", we observed a significant (p<0.05) increase in the longevity of flies in comparison with that of the “N” control (temperature and EMF intact).
Fig. 2: The Mean Life Span of flies from temperature intact groups after the influence of endogenous EMF

The treatment of chrysalises from the “A” groups with endogenous EMF in 4 groups from the 5 tested (Fig. 3), eliminates the negative influence of the “activating” Heat-Shock on the locomotion activity of flies - the mobility becomes the same as the mobility of flies from the temperature intact control. At the same time, the positive effect of the “activating” Heat-Shock - the increased starvation resistance - remains unchanged.

Fig. 3: The time of positive phototaxis of flies from groups of ‘Activating’ Heat-Shock


The magnitude of the changes in the flies’ vitality indices after the exposure to EMF is the highest amongst groups of the “depressing” Heat-Shock regime. Therefore it is presumed that chrysalises of these groups were the most sensitive and able to react. The exposure to EMF allows the improvement of the locomotion activity and starvation resistance of flies in all groups in the “depressing” Heat-Shock regime (Fig.4,5).



Fig. 4: The time of positive phototaxis of flies from the groups of the “Depressing” Heat-Shock Regime

Fig. 5: The starvation resistance of flies from the groups of the “Depressing” Heat-Shock Regime

Besides, after the applied EM influence, the high rate (25%) of the flies’ mortality on the stage of chrysalis is sufficiently decreased (in groups N>D 20", N>D 60", A>D 20", A>D 60" and A>D 30'), also female fertility is increased up to the level of the intact control (N control) (in groups N>D 60", A>D 60", A>D 20").

Table 2: The results of the transmission of EM signals from the “N” and “A” groups to the “D” groups

groups mortality of chrysalises % female fertility (alive eggs)
D control 25.5 -
ND (20") 5.4 -
ND (60") 0.5 +/-
AD (20") 0.2 +
AD (60") 0.1 +/-
AD (30') 2.0 -
Also, in groups N>D (20"), N>D (60") and A>D (20") we observed a considerable increase in longevity of flies.







Fig. 6: The Mean Life Span of flies from the groups of the “Depressing” Heat-Shock Regime


Conclusions

• Using of the low-frequency filter of the ‘BICOM’ device and the special design (closed metal cups) of antenna electrodes makes it possible to significantly decrease the probability of the undesirable influence of background electromagnetic noise on the experimental bio-objects. This fact and the complex dynamics of changes in various indices of flies’ vitality suggest that the main source of the influencing EMF might be solely the chrysalises’ organisms that were placed into the input electrode. The possibility to detect weak endogenous ELF EMF is discussed by Smith C.W. in [Smith C.W., 1994]
• Under the specified conditions, we obtained significant results that may indicate a strong biological importance of endogenous ELF EMF for the regulation of living systems. The experimental data show that the exposure to endogenous EMF may results in the normalization of the flies’ vitality that were earlier distorted by undergoing a stress influence (of temperature). Moreover, even a normal (healthy) organism is receptive to endogenous EMF that can optimize its vitality and thus considerably increases longevity of an organism.
• No doubt, the efficacy of endogenous EMF (that is its importance for a bio-object) increases especially under the circumstances when the homeostatic status of an organism is considerably distorted by the influence of a stress factor (a stressor).
• The effect of the influence on the flies’ genome has to be taken into consideration. During metamorphosis, a large quantity of the cells of a chrysalis’ body are eliminated and replaced by new ones that form the imago body. Despite such crucial changes in the functional activity of genes and the structures of Drosophila’s body, the effects of the EMF exposure are preserved and can be detected during any subsequent stage of the flies’ life -- even the integral index of the flies’ vitality and mean life span are affected. This suggests the participation of genes -- the structures of preservation and inheritance -- in the assimilation of endogenous EM stimuli. To some extent, it is proven in our experiments with tumor cells: we observed alterations in the rate of DNA synthesis of lymphoma U-937 cells after an influence from their endogenous ELF EMF [Sakharov D., 1993]. This DNA participation is also shown and discussed with regard to exogenous EMF in [Blank M., 1992; 1995]



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